https://baripedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica Teorías de la antropología política - Historique des versions 2026-08-09T03:20:34Z Historique des versions pour cette page sur le wiki MediaWiki 1.38.6 https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=58929&oldid=prev Arthur le 7 juillet 2023 à 09:55 2023-07-07T09:55:40Z <p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 7 juillet 2023 à 11:55</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9">Ligne 9 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 9 :</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{hidden</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{hidden</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|[[Introducción a la Ciencia Política]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|[[Introducción a la Ciencia Política]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La pensée sociale d'</del>Émile Durkheim <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>Pierre Bourdieu]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Aux origines </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chute </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">République </del>de Weimar]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La pensée sociale </del>de Max Weber <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>Vilfredo Pareto]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La notion </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">« concept » </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sciences-</del>sociales]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Histoire </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discipline </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">science politique </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">théories et conceptions</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Marxisme et Structuralisme</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fonctionnalisme et Systémisme</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Interactionnisme et Constructivisme</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les théories </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l’anthropologie politique</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le débat des trois I </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">intérêts</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">institutions et idées</del>]] ● [[La <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">théorie du choix rationnel et l'analyse des intérêts </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">science politique</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Approche analytique des institutions </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">science politique</del>]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'étude des idées et idéologies dans </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">science politique</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les théories </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">guerre </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">science politique</del>]] ● [[La <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Guerre </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conceptions et évolutions</del>]] ● [[La <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">raison d’État</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">État, souveraineté</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mondialisation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gouvernance multiniveaux</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les théories </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">violence </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">science politique</del>]] ● [[Welfare State <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et biopouvoir</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Analyse des régimes démocratiques et des processus </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">démocratisation</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Systèmes Électoraux </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mécanismes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Enjeux et Conséquences</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le système </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gouvernement des démocraties</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Morphologie des contestations</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L’action dans </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">théorie politique</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Introduction à </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">politique suisse</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Introduction au comportement politique</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Analyse des Politiques Publiques </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">définition et cycle d'une politique publique</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Analyse des Politiques Publiques </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mise à l'</del>agenda <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et formulation</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Analyse des Politiques Publiques </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mise en œuvre et évaluation</del>]] ● [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Introduction à </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sous-discipline des relations internationales</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El pensamiento social de </ins>Émile Durkheim <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>Pierre Bourdieu]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Los orígenes </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">caída </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">República </ins>de Weimar]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El pensamiento social </ins>de Max Weber <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>Vilfredo Pareto]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El noción </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&quot;concepto&quot; </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ciencias </ins>sociales]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Historia </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">disciplina </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ciencia política</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teorías y conceptos</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Marxismo y Estructuralismo</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Funcionalismo y Sistematismo</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Interaccionismo y Constructivismo</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Teorías </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la antropología política</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El debate de las tres íes</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">intereses</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">instituciones e ideas</ins>]] ● [[La <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teoría de la elección racional y el análisis de intereses </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la ciencia política</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Un enfoque analítico de las instituciones </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la ciencia política</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El estudio de las ideas y las ideologías en </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ciencia política</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Teorías </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">guerra </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la ciencia política</ins>]] ● [[La <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Guerra</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Concepciones y Evoluciones</ins>]] ● [[La <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">razón de Estado</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Estado</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">soberanía</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">globalización y gobernanza multinivel</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Teorías </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">violencia </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la ciencia política‎</ins>]] ● [[Welfare State <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y biopoder</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Análisis </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los regímenes democráticos y los procesos de democratización</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sistemas electorales</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mecanismos</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">problemas y consecuencias</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El sistema </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gobierno en las democracias</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Morfología de las protestaciones</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La acción en </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teoría política</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Introducción a </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">política suiza</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Introducción al comportamiento político</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Análisis de las Políticas Públicas</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Definición y ciclo de las políticas públicas</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Análisis de las Políticas Públicas</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">establecimiento y formulación de la </ins>agenda]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Análisis de Políticas Públicas</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Implementación y Evaluación]] ● [[Introducción a la subdisciplina de las relaciones internacionales</ins>]] ● [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Introducción a </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teoría política</ins>]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|headerstyle=background:#ffffff</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|headerstyle=background:#ffffff</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|style=text-align:center;</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|style=text-align:center;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>La ciencia política y la antropología han estado estrechamente vinculadas durante mucho tiempo, compartiendo un interés común por el estudio de las sociedades humanas y sus organizaciones. Resulta especialmente interesante estudiar la influencia de la antropología africanista en la ciencia política, ya que ofrece perspectivas únicas sobre la dinámica política.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>La ciencia política y la antropología han estado estrechamente vinculadas durante mucho tiempo, compartiendo un interés común por el estudio de las sociedades humanas y sus organizaciones. Resulta especialmente interesante estudiar la influencia de la antropología africanista en la ciencia política, ya que ofrece perspectivas únicas sobre la dinámica política.</div></td></tr> </table> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57182&oldid=prev Arthur : /* Les domaines de l’anthropologie politique de la modernité */ 2023-06-22T12:21:08Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Les domaines de l’anthropologie politique de la modernité</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&amp;diff=57182&amp;oldid=57181">Voir les modifications</a> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57181&oldid=prev Arthur : /* Les notions de dépendance, de domination et de soumission */ 2023-06-22T12:19:36Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Les notions de dépendance, de domination et de soumission</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&amp;diff=57181&amp;oldid=57180">Voir les modifications</a> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57180&oldid=prev Arthur : /* Les rituels d’inversion sociale */ 2023-06-22T12:18:39Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Les rituels d’inversion sociale</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&amp;diff=57180&amp;oldid=57179">Voir les modifications</a> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57179&oldid=prev Arthur : /* Le langage comme un élément du pouvoir politique */ 2023-06-22T12:16:42Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Le langage comme un élément du pouvoir politique</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&amp;diff=57179&amp;oldid=57178">Voir les modifications</a> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57178&oldid=prev Arthur : /* Les « rudiments » des structures politiques occidentales */ 2023-06-22T12:15:53Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Les « rudiments » des structures politiques occidentales</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&amp;diff=57178&amp;oldid=57177">Voir les modifications</a> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57177&oldid=prev Arthur : /* Les « rudiments » des structures politiques occidentales */ 2023-06-22T12:14:24Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Les « rudiments » des structures politiques occidentales</span></span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 22 juin 2023 à 14:14</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l144">Ligne 144 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 144 :</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Les « rudiments » des structures politiques occidentales ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Les « rudiments » des structures politiques occidentales ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E.E. Evans-Pritchard <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>Meyer Fortes, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dans leur analyse anthropologique des sociétés africaines</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ont identifié quatre structures clés au sein </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ces sociétés</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Il est important de noter </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leur travail </del>se <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">situe dans le contexte de la théorie structurale </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parenté </del>de Claude Lévi-Strauss. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Selon </del>Lévi-Strauss, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les structures </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parenté sont fondamentales pour </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">constitution </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">société</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">car elles fournissent </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cadre pour l'organisation sociale et </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">répartition des rôles et responsabilités</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E.E. Evans-Pritchard <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>Meyer Fortes, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en su análisis antropológico de las sociedades africanas</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identificaron cuatro estructuras clave dentro </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">estas sociedades</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Es importante señalar </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">su trabajo </ins>se <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sitúa en el contexto </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teoría estructural del parentesco </ins>de Claude Lévi-Strauss. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Según </ins>Lévi-Strauss, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las estructuras </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parentesco son fundamentales para </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">constitución </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sociedad</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ya que proporcionan </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marco para </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">organización social y la distribución de funciones y responsabilidades</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La parenté </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La parenté est l'une des </del>principales <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structures </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">toute société</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elle définit les relations </del>entre <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les membres d'une communauté et régule leurs interactions</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La parenté peut inclure des relations de sang</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mais aussi des liens formés par le mariage ou l'adoption</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Parentesco</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El parentesco es una de las </ins>principales <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">estructuras </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cualquier sociedad</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Define las relaciones </ins>entre <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los miembros de una comunidad y regula sus interacciones</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El parentesco puede incluir las relaciones consanguíneas</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pero también los vínculos formados a través del matrimonio o la adopción</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le pouvoir </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le pouvoir est une autre structure essentielle </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">toute société</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Il se réfère à </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">capacité </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contrôler ou d'influencer le comportement des autres</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le pouvoir peut être détenu par des individus</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">des groupes ou des institutions et peut être exercé </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">différentes manières</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allant de </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">persuasion à </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contrainte</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Poder </ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El poder es otra estructura esencial </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cualquier sociedad</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Se refiere a </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">capacidad de controlar o influir en el comportamiento </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los demás</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El poder puede estar en manos de individuos</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">grupos o instituciones y puede ejercerse </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">diferentes maneras</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">desde </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">persuasión hasta </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">coacción</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le symbolique </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le symbolique est </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">élément clé du pouvoir</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Il se réfère aux symboles</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rituels et croyances qui donnent du sens et de la légitimité au pouvoir</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les systèmes symboliques aident à maintenir l'ordre </del>social <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en fournissant </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cadre commun </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compréhension et d'interprétation</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Simbolismo</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El simbolismo es </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">elemento clave del poder</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Se refiere a los símbolos</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rituales y creencias que dan significado y legitimidad al poder</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Los sistemas simbólicos ayudan a mantener el orden </ins>social <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">proporcionando </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marco común </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comprensión e interpretación</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le réel </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le réel </del>se <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">réfère à l'action concrète et aux décisions prises dans le cadre du système politique</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Il s'agit de l'application pratique du pouvoir et de </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mise </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">œuvre des décisions politiques</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lo real</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lo real </ins>se <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">refiere a la acción concreta y a las decisiones tomadas dentro del sistema político</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Es la aplicación práctica del poder y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">puesta </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">práctica de las decisiones políticas</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ces quatre structures interagissent et </del>se <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">renforcent mutuellement pour maintenir l'ordre </del>social <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et faciliter le fonctionnement </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">société</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Estas cuatro estructuras interactúan y </ins>se <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">refuerzan mutuamente para mantener el orden </ins>social <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y facilitar el funcionamiento </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sociedad</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le pouvoir et la symbolique sont étroitement liés et </del>se <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">renforcent mutuellement</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le pouvoir s'exprime souvent à travers des symboles</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">des rituels et des discours</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qui contribuent à sa légitimité et à son acceptation</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dans ce sens</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la symbolique est une partie intégrante du pouvoir</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et non une entité séparée</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La langue</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en tant que moyen </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">communication</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">joue </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rôle </del>crucial <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dans l'exercice du pouvoir</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elle est utilisée pour transmettre les normes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les règles</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les valeurs et les attentes </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">société</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elle permet aux gens de partager des informations</del>, de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">négocier des relations de pouvoir et de contester les normes existantes</del>. La <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">langue n'est pas seulement </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">moyen </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">communication</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mais aussi un outil </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pouvoir et </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contrôle. Les rituels d'inversion sociale</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comme les carnavals ou les fêtes </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la Saint-Sylvestre</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sont des exemples </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la manière dont le pouvoir et la symbolique interagissent</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ces rituels permettent temporairement d'inverser les hiérarchies </del>sociales <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et de transgresser les normes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce qui peut </del>servir <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">à souligner et à renforcer ces mêmes hiérarchies et normes une fois le rituel terminé</del>. En <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conclusion</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pouvoir et symbolique sont inséparables dans l'analyse des structures </del>sociales <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et politiques</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ils fonctionnent conjointement pour créer</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maintenir et transformer l'ordre </del>social.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El poder y el simbolismo están estrechamente vinculados y </ins>se <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">refuerzan mutuamente</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El poder se expresa a menudo a través de símbolos</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rituales y discursos</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que contribuyen a su legitimidad y aceptación</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En este sentido</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el simbolismo es parte integrante del poder</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">no una entidad separada</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El lenguaje</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">como medio </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comunicación</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">desempeña </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">papel </ins>crucial <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en el ejercicio del poder</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Se utiliza para transmitir las normas</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reglas</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">valores y expectativas </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sociedad</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Permite compartir información</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">negociar relaciones </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">poder y cuestionar las normas existentes</ins>. La <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lengua no es sólo </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">medio </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comunicación</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sino también una herramienta </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">poder y control. Los rituales </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inversión social</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">como los carnavales y las celebraciones </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Nochevieja</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">son ejemplos </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cómo interactúan el poder y el simbolismo</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Estos rituales invierten temporalmente las jerarquías </ins>sociales <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y transgreden las normas</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lo que puede </ins>servir <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">para subrayar y reforzar esas mismas jerarquías y normas una vez finalizado el ritual</ins>. En <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conclusión</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el poder y el simbolismo son inseparables en el análisis de las estructuras </ins>sociales <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y políticas</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Trabajan juntos para crear</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mantener y transformar el orden </ins>social.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Quelles sont les structures élémentaires qui fondent « les rudiments » des structures plus sophistiquées des sociétés </del>occidentales ?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">¿Cuáles son las estructuras básicas que forman los &quot;rudimentos&quot; de las estructuras más sofisticadas de las sociedades </ins>occidentales?</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== La parenté dans la politique ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== La parenté dans la politique ===</div></td></tr> </table> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57176&oldid=prev Arthur : /* L’anthropologie évolutionniste du XIXème */ 2023-06-22T12:13:58Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">L’anthropologie évolutionniste du XIXème</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&amp;diff=57176&amp;oldid=57172">Voir les modifications</a> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57172&oldid=prev Arthur : /* El siglo XVIII: la invención del concepto de hombre */ 2023-06-22T12:11:32Z <p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">El siglo XVIII: la invención del concepto de hombre</span></span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 22 juin 2023 à 14:11</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l90">Ligne 90 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 90 :</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== El siglo XVIII: la invención del concepto de hombre ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== El siglo XVIII: la invención del concepto de hombre ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Columbus Taking Possession.jpg|thumb|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'arrivée </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Christophe Colomb en Amérique avec deux bannières blanches blasonnées d'une croix verte et une bannière jaune frappée des initiales </del>F <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>Y <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">des souverains Ferdinand </del>II <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d'Aragon et Ysabelle </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Castille</del>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Columbus Taking Possession.jpg|thumb|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La llegada </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cristóbal Colón a América con dos estandartes blancos blasonados con una cruz verde y un estandarte amarillo con las iniciales </ins>F <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e </ins>Y <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">de los soberanos Fernando </ins>II de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Aragón e Isabel de Castilla</ins>.]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le XVIIIe siècle, souvent appelé l'Âge des Lumières</del>, a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">été une période </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">remise en question profonde </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la vision traditionnelle du monde et </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">place de l'homme dans cet univers</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Durant cette période</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">de nombreux philosophes et penseurs ont commencé à développer des conceptions plus éclairées et humanistes de l'homme et de </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">société</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El siglo XVIII</ins>, a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">menudo denominado Siglo </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las Luces, fue un periodo </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">profundo cuestionamiento </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">visión tradicional del mundo y del lugar del hombre en él</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Durante este periodo</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">muchos filósofos y pensadores comenzaron a desarrollar concepciones más ilustradas y humanistas del hombre y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sociedad</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cependant</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">même pendant l'Âge des Lumières</del>, la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vision des peuples non-européens était souvent biaisée et teintée </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">préjugés</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ces préjugés étaient </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">partie basés sur des idées sur la civilisation et la </del>barbarie, la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rationalité et l'irrationalité, qui étaient courantes à l'époque</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sin embargo</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incluso durante el Siglo de las Luces</ins>, la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">visión </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los pueblos no europeos era a menudo sesgada y prejuiciosa</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Estos prejuicios se basaban en parte </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ideas sobre civilización y </ins>barbarie, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">racionalidad e irracionalidad, que eran corrientes en </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">época</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Christophe Colomb rapportait {{citation|Parce </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">je vois et connais que ces gens ne sont d'aucune secte</del>, ni <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">idolâtre</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mais très doux et ignorants </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce qu'est le </del>mal, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qu'ils ne savent se tuer les uns les autres</del>, ni <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s'emprisonner</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qu'ils sont  sans armes et si craintifs </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'un des nôtres suffit à en faire fuir cent</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">même en jouant avec eux </del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">…</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">je ne crois pas qu’il y ait au monde </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">meilleur homme qu’il n’y ait pas plus de meilleure terre}}</del>&lt;ref&gt;COLOMB, C. La découverte de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l’Amérique</del>, Vol. I Le journal de bord 1492-1493 ; Vol. II Relations de voyage 1493-1504, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Paris</del>, La Découverte, 1989.&lt;/ref&gt;. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette citation </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Christophe Colomb illustre bien ce point</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dans cette citation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Colomb décrit les peuples indigènes qu'il </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rencontrés comme étant </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">doux et ignorants du </del>mal&quot;. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette description</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bien que potentiellement bien intentionnée</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">est néanmoins condescendante et paternaliste</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elle suggère </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les peuples indigènes sont naïfs et incapables </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">se défendre eux-mêmes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et donc qu'ils ont besoin de </del>la &quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">protection</del>&quot; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">des Européens</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette vision biaisée des peuples non-européens a servi </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">justification à de nombreuses injustices</del>, y <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compris </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">colonisation et l'exploitation</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">C'est pourquoi il est important </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">remettre en question ces idées préconçues et de reconnaître la richesse et la complexité des différentes cultures et sociétés humaines</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cristóbal Colón relató &quot;Porque veo y sé </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">estas gentes no son de ninguna secta</ins>, ni <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">idólatras</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sino muy gentiles e ignorantes </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lo que es el </ins>mal, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que no saben matarse unos a otros</ins>, ni <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aprisionarse unos a otros</ins>, que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">están desarmados y son tan temerosos que basta uno de los nuestros para hacer huir a cien</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aun jugando con ellos </ins>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">...</ins>] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">no creo que haya en el mundo un hombre mejor que haya más </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">una tierra mejor&quot;</ins>&lt;ref&gt;COLOMB, C. La découverte de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'Amérique</ins>, Vol. I Le journal de bord 1492-1493 ; Vol. II Relations de voyage 1493-1504, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">París</ins>, La Découverte, 1989.&lt;/ref&gt;. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta cita </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cristóbal Colón ilustra la cuestión</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En esta cita</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Colón describe </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los pueblos indígenas que encontró como </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gentiles e ignorantes del </ins>mal&quot;. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta descripción</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aunque potencialmente bienintencionada</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">no deja de ser condescendiente y paternalista</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sugiere </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los pueblos indígenas son ingenuos e incapaces </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">defenderse por sí mismos y que, por tanto</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">necesitan </ins>la &quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">protección</ins>&quot; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">europea</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta visión sesgada </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los pueblos no europeos se ha utilizado para justificar muchas injusticias</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">como la colonización </ins>y la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">explotación</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Por eso es importante cuestionar estas ideas preconcebidas y reconocer la riqueza y complejidad </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las diferentes culturas y sociedades humanas</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le XVIIIe siècle a été une période cruciale pour l'émergence </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nous considérons aujourd'hui comme </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conscience </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">soi et la notion d'individualité</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">C'est pendant cette période</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">souvent appelée l'Âge des Lumières</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que des philosophes comme </del>René Descartes <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ont commencé à s'interroger sur </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nature de l'identité et </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conscience</del>. Descartes, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">par exemple</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a formulé sa célèbre phrase </del>&quot;Cogito, ergo sum&quot; (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Je pense</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">donc je suis</del>), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qui est devenue </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pilier fondamental </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">philosophie occidentale</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette phrase exprime l'idée </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">le fait même </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">penser prouve l'existence </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'individu. L'Âge des Lumières a également vu l'émergence </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nouvelles idées sur les droits individuels et </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liberté</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les philosophes comme </del>John Locke <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>Jean-Jacques Rousseau <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ont développé des théories sur le contrat </del>social <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et les droits naturels de l'homme</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qui ont eu une influence majeure sur </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">formation des sociétés démocratiques modernes</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cependant</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">il est important de noter </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ces nouvelles idées sur l'individualité et les droits </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'homme n'étaient souvent pas étendues aux peuples non-européens. Le concept d'altérité était souvent mal compris ou ignoré</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce qui </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conduit à </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marginalisation et à l'exploitation </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ces populations</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">C'est </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aspect de l'histoire </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pensée occidentale qui doit être reconnu et critiqué</del>.  </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El siglo XVIII fue un periodo crucial para la aparición </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lo </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hoy consideramos autoconciencia y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noción </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">individualidad</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fue durante este periodo</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a menudo denominado Siglo de las Luces</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cuando filósofos como </ins>René Descartes <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">empezaron a cuestionar </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">naturaleza </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identidad y la conciencia</ins>. Descartes, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">por ejemplo</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">formuló su famosa frase </ins>&quot;Cogito, ergo sum&quot; (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Pienso</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">luego existo</ins>), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que se ha convertido en </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pilar fundamental </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">filosofía occidental</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta frase expresa la idea de </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el hecho mismo de pensar prueba la existencia del individuo. El Siglo </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las Luces también fue testigo </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la aparición </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nuevas ideas sobre los derechos individuales y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">libertad</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Filósofos como </ins>John Locke <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>Jean-Jacques Rousseau <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">desarrollaron teorías sobre el contrato </ins>social <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y los derechos naturales del hombre</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que han tenido una gran influencia en </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">formación de las sociedades democráticas modernas</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sin embargo</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">es importante señalar </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">estas nuevas ideas sobre la individualidad y los derechos humanos no solían extenderse a los pueblos no europeos. El concepto </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">alteridad fue a menudo malinterpretado o ignorado</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lo que condujo </ins>a la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marginación y explotación </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">estas poblaciones</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Este es </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aspecto </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">historia del pensamiento occidental que hay que reconocer y criticar</ins>.  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette prise </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conscience conteste l'influence divine sur l'homme</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et l'individu commence à </del>se <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">manifester </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tant qu'entité propre. L'existence de l'individu est alors définie par sa capacité à penser et par sa conscience - par conséquent</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'individu est </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">être pensant</del>.  </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta toma </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conciencia cuestiona la influencia divina sobre el hombre</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y el individuo comienza a manifestarse como una entidad por derecho propio. La existencia del individuo </ins>se <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">definía por su capacidad de pensar y por su conciencia; </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">consecuencia</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el individuo era </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ser pensante</ins>.  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">À </del>partir <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">du XVIIIème siècle</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cette conception nouvelle </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'homme commence à libérer l'intelligence des individus et leur permet de voir l'altérité sous un nouvel angle</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'autre n'est plus nécessairement perçu comme </del>un &quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sauvage</del>&quot;, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mais plutôt comme </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">être inscrit dans une situation historique spécifique</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cependant</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">des connotations négatives persistent</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">notamment l'idée </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cet autre n'a pas été capable de se développer par lui-même</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ces interrogations témoignent d'</del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">changement dans notre façon </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">penser </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'homme </del>existe <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">non seulement par sa capacité à réfléchir</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mais aussi par son apprentissage et sa connaissance cognitive du monde</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'expérience acquise est accumulée et transmise</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce qui contribue à façonner notre compréhension </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nous-mêmes et des autres</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Nous commençons à nous éloigner </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'image du </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sauvage</del>&quot;. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'autre est vu comme un être différent</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">notion </del>de &quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sauvage</del>&quot; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">commence à être externalisée</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Par conséquent, </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">question </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">différence commence à être posée</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mais il s'agit d'</del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jugement de valeur qui n'est pas nécessairement </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'ordre </del>moral.  </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A </ins>partir <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">del siglo XVIII</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">esta nueva concepción del hombre comenzó a liberar la inteligencia </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las personas y a permitirles ver la alteridad bajo una nueva luz</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El otro ya no se percibe necesariamente como </ins>un &quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">salvaje</ins>&quot;, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sino como </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ser inserto en una situación histórica concreta</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sin embargo</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">persisten connotaciones negativas</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en particular la idea de </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ese otro no ha podido desarrollarse por sí mismo</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Estas cuestiones reflejan </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cambio en nuestra forma </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pensar</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el ser humano </ins>existe <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">no sólo por su capacidad de pensar</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sino también por su aprendizaje y conocimiento cognitivo del mundo</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La experiencia se acumula y se transmite</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contribuyendo a conformar nuestra comprensión </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nosotros mismos y de los demás</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Empezamos a alejarnos </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la imagen del </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">salvaje</ins>&quot;. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El otro es visto como diferente</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noción </ins>de &quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">salvaje</ins>&quot; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">empieza a exteriorizarse</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Se empieza a plantear </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cuestión </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">diferencia</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pero se trata de </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">juicio </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">valor no necesariamente </ins>moral.  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Au XVIIIème siècle</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">le grand objectif </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">société est </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">construire une connaissance positive </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'homme</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'homme est alors étudié en tant que tel</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">potentiellement </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tant qu'être pensant</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et comme un élément intégral de l'histoire </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'humanité. Cette analyse s'effectue notamment à travers les voyages</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qui offrent de nouvelles perspectives et opportunités pour observer et comprendre l'humanité dans toute sa diversité</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En el siglo XVIII</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el principal objetivo </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sociedad era construir un conocimiento positivo del hombre. Se estudiaba al hombre por derecho propio, potencialmente como ser pensante, y como parte integrante </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la historia </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la humanidad</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Este análisis se lleva a cabo</ins>, en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">particular</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a través </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los viajes</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que ofrecen nuevas perspectivas y oportunidades para observar y comprender a la humanidad en toda su diversidad</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== L’anthropologie évolutionniste du XIXème ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== L’anthropologie évolutionniste du XIXème ==</div></td></tr> </table> Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&diff=57171&oldid=prev Arthur le 22 juin 2023 à 12:10 2023-06-22T12:10:50Z <p></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADas_de_la_antropolog%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica&amp;diff=57171&amp;oldid=57170">Voir les modifications</a> Arthur