https://baripedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial 2026-05-30T08:08:58Z Historique des versions pour cette page sur le wiki MediaWiki 1.38.6 https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&diff=62488&oldid=prev 2023-12-01T13:27:29Z

<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">La &quot;cuestión social&quot;</span></span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 1 décembre 2023 à 15:27</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l126">Ligne 126 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 126 :</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= La &quot;cuestión social&quot; =</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= La &quot;cuestión social&quot; =</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Au cours du XIXe siècle</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">avec l'ascension du capitalisme industriel</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les structures </del>sociales <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subissent des changements radicaux</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">déplaçant l'ancienne hiérarchie basée sur </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noblesse et le sang par une hiérarchie axée sur le statut </del>social <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">richesse</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Une nouvelle </del>élite <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bourgeoise émerge</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">composée d'individus qui</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ayant réussi dans le monde des affaires</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">acquièrent </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">richesse et le crédit </del>social <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jugés nécessaires pour gouverner le pays</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette </del>élite <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">représente une minorité qui</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pour </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">temps</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">détient le monopole du droit </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vote</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">étant considérée comme </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">plus apte à prendre des décisions pour le </del>bien de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nation</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les ouvriers</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en revanche</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sont souvent perçus de manière paternaliste</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comme des enfants incapables </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gérer leurs propres affaires ou </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">résister aux tentations </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'ivresse et d'autres vices</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette vision est renforcée par les théories </del>morales <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>sociales de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'époque qui mettent l'accent sur </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tempérance et </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">responsabilité individuelle</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La peur du choléra</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">une maladie épouvantable et mal comprise</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">alimente un ensemble </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">croyances populaires</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y compris l'idée </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">le stress ou </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">colère pourraient induire </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maladie</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette croyance </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contribué à un calme relatif dans les classes ouvrières</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qui se méfiaient des émotions fortes et </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leur potentiel à engendrer des fléaux</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En l'absence d'une compréhension scientifique des causes </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">telles maladies</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les théories abondent</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">certaines relevant du mythe ou </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la superstition</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dans cet environnement</del>, la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bourgeoisie développe une forme </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">paranoïa à l'égard des banlieues ouvrières</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les périphéries urbaines</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">souvent surpeuplées et </del>insalubres, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sont vues comme des foyers </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maladie et </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">désordre, menaçant la stabilité et la propreté des centres urbains plus aseptisés</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette crainte est accentuée par le </del>contraste entre <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les conditions </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vie </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'</del>élite <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bourgeoise et celles des ouvriers</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ainsi que par </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">menace perçue </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">représentent les rassemblements et les révoltes populaires pour l'ordre établi</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Durante el siglo XIX</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">con el auge del capitalismo industrial</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las estructuras </ins>sociales <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">experimentaron cambios radicales</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sustituyendo </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">antigua jerarquía basada en la nobleza y la sangre por otra basada en el estatus </ins>social <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">riqueza</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Surgió una nueva </ins>élite <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">burguesa</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">formada por individuos que</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">habiendo triunfado en el mundo de los negocios</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adquirieron </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">riqueza y el crédito </ins>social <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">considerados necesarios para gobernar el país</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta </ins>élite <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">representaba una minoría que</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">durante </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tiempo</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ostentó el monopolio del derecho </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">voto</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">al ser considerada </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">más capacitada para tomar decisiones por el </ins>bien de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nación</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Los trabajadores</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">por el contrario</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">eran vistos a menudo bajo una luz paternalista</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">como niños incapaces </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gestionar sus propios asuntos o </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">resistir las tentaciones </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la embriaguez y otros vicios</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta visión se veía reforzada por las teorías </ins>morales <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>sociales de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">época, que hacían hincapié en la templanza y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">responsabilidad individual</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">El miedo al cólera</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">una enfermedad terrible y poco conocida</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">alimentaba una serie </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">creencias populares</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">entre ellas la idea de </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el estrés o </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ira podían inducir </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enfermedad</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta creencia contribuyó </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">una relativa calma entre las clases trabajadoras</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que desconfiaban de las emociones fuertes y </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">su potencial para causar plagas</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A falta de un conocimiento científico de las causas </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tales enfermedades</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">abundaban las teorías</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">algunas </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ellas basadas en mitos o supersticiones</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En este entorno</ins>, la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">burguesía desarrolló una forma </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">paranoia sobre los suburbios obreros</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Las periferias urbanas</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a menudo superpobladas e </ins>insalubres, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">eran vistas como focos </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enfermedad y desorden que amenazaban la estabilidad y limpieza </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los centros urbanos más saneados</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Este temor se acentuaba por el </ins>contraste entre <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las condiciones </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vida </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la </ins>élite <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">burguesa y las de los obreros</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y por </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">amenaza </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">suponían para el orden establecido las concentraciones y revueltas populares</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Buret <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">était </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">observateur attentif des conditions </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vie </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">classe ouvrière au XIXe siècle</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et son analyse reflète les inquiétudes et les critiques </del>sociales de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cette époque marquée par </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Révolution industrielle et l'urbanisation rapide </del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">« </del>Si <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vous osez pénétrer dans les quartiers maudits où </del>[la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">population ouvrière</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">habite</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vous verrez à chaque pas des hommes et des femmes flétries par le vice et par </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">misère</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">des enfants à demi nus qui pourrissent dans </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">saleté et étouffent dans des réduits sans jour et sans air</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Là</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">au foyer </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">civilisation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vous rencontrerez des milliers d’hommes retombés</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">à force d’abrutissement</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dans </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vie sauvage </del>; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">là</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enfin</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vous apercevrez </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">misère sous </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aspect si </del>horrible <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qu’elle vous inspirera plus de dégoût </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">de pitié</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vous serez tenté </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la regarder comme le juste châtiment d’un crime </del>[...]. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Isolés </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mis en dehors </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">communauté sociale et politique</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">seuls avec leurs besoins et leurs misères</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ils s’agitent pour sortir </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cette effrayante solitude</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et, comme </del>les <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">barbares auxquels on les a comparés</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ils méditent peut-être une invasion</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">»</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Buret <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fue </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">agudo observador </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las condiciones de vida </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">clase obrera en el siglo XIX</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y su análisis refleja las ansiedades y críticas </ins>sociales de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">una época marcada por la Revolución Industrial y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rápida urbanización</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&quot;</ins>Si <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">os atrevéis a entrar en los barrios malditos donde vive </ins>[la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">población obrera</ins>], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">veréis a cada paso hombres y mujeres marchitos por el vicio y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">miseria</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">niños semidesnudos pudriéndose en </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inmundicia y asfixiándose en habitaciones sin día ni aire</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Allí</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en el hogar </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">civilización</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">encontraréis millares de hombres que</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a fuerza de estupefacción</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">han retrocedido a </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vida salvaje</ins>; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allí</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en fin</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">veréis </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">miseria en </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aspecto tan </ins>horrible que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inspirará más repugnancia que piedad</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">estaréis tentados </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">considerarla como el justo castigo por un crimen </ins>[...]. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Aislados </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nación</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">colocados fuera </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comunidad social y política</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">solos con sus necesidades y sus miserias</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">se agitan para salir </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">esta soledad espantosa y</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">como los bárbaros con los que se </ins>les <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ha comparado</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pueden estar tramando una invasión&quot;</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>La <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">force </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cette citation réside dans sa description graphique et émotionnelle </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pauvreté et </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la dégradation humaine dans les quartiers ouvriers des villes industrielles</del>. Buret <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">utilise une imagerie choquante pour susciter une réaction chez le lecteur</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dépeignant des scènes </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dégradation qui sont en contraste frappant avec l'idéal </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">progrès et </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">civilisation porté par l'époque</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En qualifiant les quartiers ouvriers de </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maudits</del>&quot; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et en évoquant des images d'hommes et </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">femmes </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">flétries par le vice et par </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">misère</del>&quot;, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">il attire l'attention sur les conditions inhumaines engendrées par le système économique </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'époque</del>. La <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">référence aux </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enfants à demi nus qui pourrissent dans </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">saleté</del>&quot; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">est particulièrement poignante et reflète une réalité sociale cruelle où les plus vulnérables</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les enfants</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sont les premières victimes </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l'industrialisation</del>. La <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mention des </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">réduits sans jour et sans air</del>&quot; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rappelle les logements </del>insalubres <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et surpeuplés dans lesquels étaient entassées les familles ouvrières</del>. Buret <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">souligne également l'isolement et l'exclusion des ouvriers </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">communauté politique et sociale</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">suggérant </del>que, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">privés </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reconnaissance et de droits</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ils pourraient devenir une force subversive</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comparés à des </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">barbares</del>&quot; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">méditant une </del>&quot;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">invasion</del>&quot;. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cette métaphore de l'invasion suggère une peur </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">révolte ouvrière parmi les classes dirigeantes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">craignant </del>que la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">détresse et l'agitation des ouvriers ne </del>se <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transforment </del>en <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">une menace pour l'ordre </del>social <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et économique</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dans son contexte historique</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cette citation illustre les tensions </del>sociales <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">profondes du XIXe siècle et offre </del>un <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">commentaire cinglant sur les conséquences humaines </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">modernité industrielle</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elle invite à </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">réflexion sur la nécessité d'une intégration sociale et d'une réforme politique</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reconnaissant </del>que <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">le progrès économique ne peut être déconnecté du bien-être et de </del>la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dignité </del>de <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tous les membres </del>de la <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">société</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>La <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fuerza </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">esta cita reside en su descripción gráfica y emocional </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pobreza y la degradación humana en los barrios obreros </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">las ciudades industriales</ins>. Buret <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">utiliza imágenes chocantes para provocar la reacción del lector</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">describiendo escenas </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">degradación que contrastan con el ideal </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">progreso y civilización </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la época</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Al describir los barrios obreros como </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">malditos</ins>&quot; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y evocar imágenes </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hombres y mujeres </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marchitos por el vicio y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">miseria</ins>&quot;, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">llama la atención sobre las condiciones inhumanas creadas por el sistema económico </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la época</ins>. La <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">referencia a </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">niños semidesnudos pudriéndose en </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">suciedad</ins>&quot; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">es especialmente conmovedora, pues refleja una cruel realidad social en la que los más vulnerables</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">los niños</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fueron las primeras víctimas </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la industrialización</ins>. La <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">referencia a las </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">habitaciones sin aire y sin día</ins>&quot; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">recuerda las viviendas </ins>insalubres <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y superpobladas en las que se hacinaban las familias obreras</ins>. Buret <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">también subraya el aislamiento y la exclusión de los trabajadores </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comunidad política y social</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sugiriendo </ins>que, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">privados </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reconocimiento y derechos</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">podrían convertirse en una fuerza subversiva</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comparados con </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bárbaros</ins>&quot; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que traman una </ins>&quot;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">invasión</ins>&quot;. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Esta metáfora </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">invasión sugiere un temor a la revuelta obrera entre las clases dirigentes</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">que temían </ins>que la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">angustia y la agitación de los trabajadores </ins>se <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">convirtieran </ins>en <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">una amenaza para el orden </ins>social <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">y económico</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En su contexto histórico</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">esta cita ilustra las profundas tensiones </ins>sociales <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">del siglo XIX y ofrece </ins>un <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">comentario mordaz sobre las consecuencias humanas </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">modernidad industrial</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Invita a reflexionar sobre </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">necesidad de integración social y reforma política</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reconociendo </ins>que <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">el progreso económico no puede desvincularse del bienestar y </ins>la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dignidad </ins>de <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">todos los miembros </ins>de la <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sociedad</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Annexes </del>=</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Apéndices </ins>=</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Références </del>=</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Referencias </ins>=</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;references/&gt;</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;references/&gt;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> </table>

Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&diff=62487&oldid=prev 2023-12-01T13:26:46Z

<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">La paradoja del crecimiento</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&amp;diff=62487&amp;oldid=62486">Voir les modifications</a>

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<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mala alimentación y bajos salarios</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&amp;diff=62486&amp;oldid=62485">Voir les modifications</a>

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<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Dos tipos de evolución demográfica</span></span></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&amp;diff=62485&amp;oldid=62484">Voir les modifications</a>

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<p></p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&amp;diff=62484&amp;oldid=62483">Voir les modifications</a>

Arthur https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&diff=62483&oldid=prev 2023-12-01T13:22:02Z

<p>Page créée avec « Basado en un curso de Michel Oris&lt;ref&gt;[https://cigev.unige.ch/institution/team/prof/michel-oris/ Page personnelle de Michel Oris sur le site de l&#039;Université de Genève]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cigev.unige.ch/files/4114/3706/0157/cv_oris_fr_20150716.pdf CV de Michel Oris en français]&lt;/ref&gt; {{Translations | en = The social costs of the Industrial Revolution | fr = Les coûts sociaux de la révolution industrielle | it = I costi sociali della rivoluzione industriale |... »</p> <a href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Los_costes_sociales_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial&amp;diff=62483">Voir les modifications</a>

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