Sources of International Law - Historique des versions

Simon : Révocation des modifications de Simon (discussion) vers la dernière version de Arthur

2018-02-13T00:07:03Z

Révocation des modifications de Simon (discussion) vers la dernière version de Arthur

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 = The typology of sources of international law =
-<blockquote>
+[[Fichier:STATUT DE LA COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE - article 38.png|vignette|centré|700px|[http://www.un.org/fr/documents/icjstatute/pdf/icjstatute.pdf Statut de la Cour Internationale de Justice] - Article 38]]
 A source of law is an old term used from the reworking of Roman law in the Middle Ages. These are the places where the applicable law for its passive component can be found. The right can be found in the sources of the law, such as the various codes where one can find the right. While the active component says that the sources are the mechanisms of legal production, there are ways through which the law is produced, so the legislation of the state through the parliament and all its procedures make the process by which the law is done is also a source of law.

Simon : /* The typology of sources of international law */

2018-02-13T00:05:10Z

The typology of sources of international law

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 = The typology of sources of international law =
-[[Fichier:STATUT DE LA COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE - article 38.png|vignette|centré|700px|[http://www.un.org/fr/documents/icjstatute/pdf/icjstatute.pdf Statut de la Cour Internationale de Justice] - Article 38]]
+<blockquote>
 A source of law is an old term used from the reworking of Roman law in the Middle Ages. These are the places where the applicable law for its passive component can be found. The right can be found in the sources of the law, such as the various codes where one can find the right. While the active component says that the sources are the mechanisms of legal production, there are ways through which the law is produced, so the legislation of the state through the parliament and all its procedures make the process by which the law is done is also a source of law.

Arthur le 12 février 2018 à 23:07

2018-02-12T23:07:57Z

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Arthur : /* General principles of law */

2018-02-12T22:57:01Z

General principles of law

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Arthur : /* What is the relationship between treaties and custom? */

2018-02-12T22:47:51Z

What is the relationship between treaties and custom?

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Arthur : /* Opinio juris: subjective element */

2018-02-12T22:41:10Z

Opinio juris: subjective element

← Version précédente		Version du 13 février 2018 à 00:41
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	This subjective element relates to practice, acts and omissions in practice. The essence of l’opinio juris is that the State which practices or fails to do the acts of interest to us considers that it is for legal reasons that it acts as it acts. The State practices and may do so for legal reasons, either because it considers that a legal norm has already been created or if it considers that customary law has not yet been formed; this practice it does or adheres to is a practice it legally recommends, and it is the practice it intends to adopt on the element in question.		This subjective element relates to practice, acts and omissions in practice. The essence of l’opinio juris is that the State which practices or fails to do the acts of interest to us considers that it is for legal reasons that it acts as it acts. The State practices and may do so for legal reasons, either because it considers that a legal norm has already been created or if it considers that customary law has not yet been formed; this practice it does or adheres to is a practice it legally recommends, and it is the practice it intends to adopt on the element in question.

	~~L’opinio~~ juris has been justified by a negative function, because there is a whole series of practices in international life that are quite constant, but which are not legal practices, they are mere usages.		The opinio juris has been justified by a negative function, because there is a whole series of practices in international life that are quite constant, but which are not legal practices, they are mere usages.

	A use is something that is done for non-legal reasons. There is a whole series of acts that are invariably done, but where States are not convinced to act according to the law, but according to political freedom.		A use is something that is done for non-legal reasons. There is a whole series of acts that are invariably done, but where States are not convinced to act according to the law, but according to political freedom.
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	The opinio juris is a question of opinion non-juris that States leave outside the law.		The opinio juris is a question of opinion non-juris that States leave outside the law.

	The International Court of Justice has eloquently recalled in the North Sea continental shelf cases:"not only must the acts in question represent a consistent practice, but they must also testify, by their nature or the manner in which they are carried out, to the conviction that this practice is made compulsory by the existence of a rule of law. ~~La nécessité de pareille~~ conviction, ~~c’est-à-dire l’existence d’un élément subjectif~~, ~~est implicite dans la~~ notion ~~même d’opinio~~ juris sive necessitatis. ~~Les États intéressés doivent donc avoir le sentiment de se conformer à ce qui équivaut à une~~ obligation ~~juridique~~. ~~Ni la fréquence ni même le caractère habituel des actes ne suffisent~~. ~~Il existe nombre d’actes internationaux~~, ~~dans le domaine du protocole par exemple~~, ~~qui sont accomplis presque invariablement~~, ~~mais sont motivés par de simples considérations de courtoisie~~, ~~d’opportunité ou de~~ tradition ~~et non par le sentiment d’une~~ obligation ~~juridique~~.»		The International Court of Justice has eloquently recalled in the North Sea continental shelf cases:"not only must the acts in question represent a consistent practice, but they must also testify, by their nature or the manner in which they are carried out, to the conviction that this practice is made compulsory by the existence of a rule of law. The need for such a conviction, i. e. the existence of a subjective element, is implicit in the very notion of opinio juris sive necessitatis. Interested States must therefore feel that they are complying with what amounts to a legal obligation. Neither the frequency nor even the habituality of the acts is sufficient. There are many international acts, in the field of protocol for example, which are almost invariably accomplished, but are motivated by mere considerations of courtesy, expediency or tradition and not by the feeling of a legal obligation ".

	~~Dans ces actes non motivés par une considération de droit on reste dans le domaine de simples usages qui sont des motifs non contraignants.~~		In these acts, which are not motivated by a legal consideration, the scope of these acts remains simple usages which are non-binding grounds.

	~~Si on croise un navire de guerre en haute mer il y a un cérémonial de salutation~~, ~~si un navire ne s’engage pas dans le cérémonial il sera simplement considéré comme malpoli.~~

	~~L’opinio juris est surtout là pour écarter les pratiques que les États ferraient avec la conviction qui est en dehors du droit.~~

	~~Il existe des matières en droit international où la coutume est définie plus par l’opinio juris que par la pratique. Il y~~ a ~~des matières où l’opinio juris devient positive devenant le critère principal notamment dans le domaine des droits de l’homme et les domaines humanitaires comme les actes tortures~~, ~~car il y a trop d’actes de tortures. Si on suit la pratique il n’y aurait pas d’interdiction de torture, on prend cependant les États au mot plutôt qu’aux actes, c’est-à~~-~~dire prendre par l’opinio juris~~.

	== ~~Quelle est la relation entre les traités et la coutume~~ ? ==		If a warship is encountered on the high seas there is a salutation ceremony, if a ship does not engage in the ceremony it will simply be considered rude.

			The opinio juris is above all there to discard the practices that States would do with the conviction that is outside the law.

			There are matters in international law where custom is more defined by the opinio juris than by practice. There are materials wherel’opinio juris has become the main criterion, particularly in the field of human rights and humanitarian fields such as torture, since there are too many acts of torture. If we follow the practice, there would be no prohibition of torture, but we take States by word rather than by deeds, that is to say the opinio juris.

			== What is the relationship between treaties and custom? ==
	Cette relation est multiple est riche. Les traités peuvent soit dans l’ensemble soit selon les normes qu’ils contiennent se positionner par rapport au droit coutumier de trois façons :		Cette relation est multiple est riche. Les traités peuvent soit dans l’ensemble soit selon les normes qu’ils contiennent se positionner par rapport au droit coutumier de trois façons :
	*un traité peut-être déclaratif du droit coutumier.		*un traité peut-être déclaratif du droit coutumier.

Arthur : /* La coutume */

2018-02-12T22:37:57Z

La coutume

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Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

2018-02-12T22:27:28Z

Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ?

← Version précédente		Version du 13 février 2018 à 00:27
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	The title of section 60 isT''ermination or suspension of the operation of a treatyas a consequence of its breach''. There is a rather rich practice.		The title of section 60 isT''ermination or suspension of the operation of a treatyas a consequence of its breach''. There is a rather rich practice.

	== ~~Quel est le régime~~ applicable ~~en la matière~~ ? ==		== What is the applicable regime? ==

	First, it should be noted that article 60 is based on a fundamental distinction between a substantial breach of a treaty and a mere breach of a treaty. There are two types of violation:		First, it should be noted that article 60 is based on a fundamental distinction between a substantial breach of a treaty and a mere breach of a treaty. There are two types of violation:
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	This provision says "a change of circumstances cannot be invoked to terminate a treaty"; things always change. This principle is that a change in circumstances does not count as grounds for terminating a treaty, but there are exceptions that are cumulative conditions:		This provision says "a change of circumstances cannot be invoked to terminate a treaty"; things always change. This principle is that a change in circumstances does not count as grounds for terminating a treaty, but there are exceptions that are cumulative conditions:
	*the circumstances at issue must have existed at the time of the conclusion of the treaty and the parties must have given their consent to be bound by the treaty solely with respect to the existence of those circumstances. Circumstances exist at the time of ratification of a treaty between two States depending on circumstances, but which change fundamentally thereafter; an imbalance often arises unfairly.		*the circumstances at issue must have existed at the time of the conclusion of the treaty and the parties must have given their consent to be bound by the treaty solely with respect to the existence of those circumstances. Circumstances exist at the time of ratification of a treaty between two States depending on circumstances, but which change fundamentally thereafter; an imbalance often arises unfairly.
	*the change of circumstances must not have been foreseen by the parties.		*the change of circumstances must not have been foreseen by the parties.

	= La coutume =		= La coutume =

Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

2018-02-12T22:26:51Z

Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ?

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Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

2018-02-12T22:19:10Z

Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ?

← Version précédente		Version du 13 février 2018 à 00:19
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	[[Fichier:Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités de 1969 - article 62.png\|vignette\|center\|700px\|[http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/francais/traites/1_1_1969_francais.pdf Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités de 1969] - [http://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19690099/index.html#a62 article 62]]]		[[Fichier:Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités de 1969 - article 62.png\|vignette\|center\|700px\|[http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/francais/traites/1_1_1969_francais.pdf Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités de 1969] - [http://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19690099/index.html#a62 article 62]]]

	~~À l’article~~ 60 ~~il s’agit du cas d’un traité violé par une partie~~, ~~est-ce que l’autre partie doit continuer à l’exécuter~~ ?		In Article 60, it is the case of a treaty violated by one party, must the other party continue to execute it?

	~~Tant que le traité n’est pas suspendu est terminé c’est le cas~~. La question ~~est précisément celle de savoir si la~~ violation ~~ne peut donner un droit à l’État lésé de suspendre ou de terminer un traité~~. ~~En d’autres termes la violation peut éventuellement être un motif de suspendre ou dans certains cas de terminer un traité~~.		As long as the treaty is not suspended, that is the case. The question is precisely whether the violation cannot give the injured State the right to suspend or terminate a treaty. In other words, the breach may possibly be grounds for suspending or in some cases terminating a treaty.

	~~Cela sera indiqué pour des raisons de pratique et d’équité~~ : ~~on reconnait à l’État lésé de faire quelque chose~~.		This will be appropriate for reasons of practice and fairness: the injured state is recognized to do something.

	Le titre de l’article 60 est ~~EXTINCTION D’UN TRAITÉ OU SUSPENSION DE SON APPLICATION COMME CONSÉQUENCE DE SA VIOLATION~~. ~~Il y~~ a ~~une pratique assez riche~~.		Le titre de l’article 60 est T''ermination or suspension of the operation of a treatyas a consequence of its breach''. There is a rather rich practice.

	== Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? ==		== Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? ==

Sources of International Law - Historique des versions

Simon : Révocation des modifications de Simon (discussion) vers la dernière version de Arthur

Simon : /* The typology of sources of international law */

Arthur le 12 février 2018 à 23:07

Arthur : /* General principles of law */

Arthur : /* What is the relationship between treaties and custom? */

Arthur : /* Opinio juris: subjective element */

Arthur : /* La coutume */

Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

Simon : Révocation des modifications de Simon (discussion) vers la dernière version de Arthur

Simon : /* The typology of sources of international law */

Arthur : /* General principles of law */

Arthur : /* What is the relationship between treaties and custom? */

Arthur : /* Opinio juris: subjective element */

Arthur : /* La coutume */

Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */

Arthur : /* Quel est le régime applicable en la matière ? */